根据SLAC-斯坦福电池中心（斯坦福大学Precourt能源研究所和SLAC国家加速器实验室的联合中心）的科学家们的一项新研究，电动汽车的电池在现实生活中的正常使用——比如繁忙的交通，长途公路旅行，短途城市旅行，以及大部分时间都是停着的——可能比研究人员通常预测的要长三分之一左右。这表明，普通电动汽车的车主在未来几年可能不需要更换昂贵的电池组或购买新车。

　　几乎一直以来，电池科学家和工程师们都在实验室里测试新电池设计的循环寿命，使用恒定的放电速率，然后再充电。他们快速重复这个循环很多次，以便快速了解新设计是否对预期寿命有好处，以及其他品质。

　　根据12月9日发表在《自然能源》（Nature Energy）杂志上的一项研究，这并不是预测电动汽车电池预期寿命的好方法，尤其是对于那些每天通勤的人来说。虽然电池价格在过去15年里暴跌了约90%，但电池价格仍占新电动汽车价格的近三分之一。因此，现在和未来的电动汽车通勤者可能会很高兴地知道，更多的里程在等着他们。

　　斯坦福大学杜尔可持续发展学院能源科学与工程副教授、资深作者西蒙娜·奥诺里说：“我们一直没有用正确的方法测试电动汽车电池。”“令我们惊讶的是，在实际驾驶中，经常加速、刹车给电池充电、停车去商店、让电池一次休息几个小时，这些都能帮助电池续航时间比我们根据行业标准实验室测试想象的要长。”

　　研究人员根据实际驾驶数据，设计了从标准恒放电到动态放电的四种电动汽车放电曲线。研究小组对92个商用锂离子电池进行了两年多的放电测试。最后，这些资料越真实地反映了实际驾驶行为，电动汽车的预期寿命就越高。

　　研究发现，有几个因素导致了意想不到的长寿。该团队在收集的所有数据上训练了一种机器学习算法，帮助梳理出动态放电曲线对电池退化的影响。

　　例如，该研究显示了电动汽车快速加速与较慢的退化之间的相关性。这与包括本研究团队在内的电池研究人员长期以来的假设相反，他们认为加速度峰值对电动汽车电池有害。用脚使劲踩踏板并不会加速衰老。该研究的三位主要作者之一、斯坦福大学工程学院材料科学与工程和计算机科学专业的博士生亚历克西斯·格斯林（Alexis Geslin）解释说，如果有什么区别的话，那就是它减慢了速度。

　　研究小组还研究了由于多次充放电循环而导致的电池老化与随着时间推移而产生的电池老化之间的差异。你家里的电池已经在抽屉里闲置了很多年，如果它们还能工作的话，那么它们的工作状态就不会像你买的时候那么好了。

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　　左起，Simona Onori, Devi Ganapathi, Alexis Geslin， Le Xu和William Chueh在SLAC-Stanford电池中心。Jim Gensheimer / SLAC国家加速器实验室